{"id":2675,"date":"2011-07-10T20:18:55","date_gmt":"2011-07-11T01:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biblearchive.com\/blog\/?p=2675"},"modified":"2011-07-10T20:22:37","modified_gmt":"2011-07-11T01:22:37","slug":"when-is-a-door-not-a-door","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biblearchive.com\/blog\/when-is-a-door-not-a-door\/","title":{"rendered":"When Is A Door Not A Door?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The other day, my buddy Keith Keyser<\/a> sent me a link to an article by James Hamilton J<\/a>r., an associate professor at Southern Baptist Seminary whereby Hamilton lays down what he sees are the logical ends of adhering to dynamic equivalence theory (going forward I\u2019ll refer to it as functional equivalence) when it comes to Bible Translations. In the end, he says, the translator has decided to translate what he thinks the author means over against the words the author uses. His main examples were grounded on the \u201cglory\u201d language of the Gospel according to John and the importance of retaining that sort of thing. His closing thoughts are that if one doesn\u2019t know the original languages then one should stick to a formal equivalence translation.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m torn because I\u2019m a bilingual Hispanic American.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Don\u2019t get me wrong, that doesn\u2019t mean that I don\u2019t understand English. I do. The thing is, because I understand both languages, I understand the fundamental problems in adhering to solely a formal equivalent translating theory. But before I get to that I need to explain the problem strictly within the confines of the English language.<\/p>\n

Another buddy of mine, Dan, was doing a word study on the term \u201clight\u201d and noted how the word is used in English. Dan realized that he couldn\u2019t really pin down the meaning of the word light. \u00a0It can literally mean an electromagnetic radiation that travels in a vacuum at the speed of 300,000km per second and it can literally mean not-heavy. It can just as easily mean something that informs (shed some light on the problem), public knowledge (bringing something to light), or an igniting flame (hey bud, you got a light?)<\/p>\n

Dan stumbled across the first obstacle of translation which I\u2019d expand on by saying that the word \u201clight\u201d has no singular literal meaning.<\/p>\n

How do you translate light into Spanish? You can\u2019t just translate it luz<\/em> because you don\u2019t really know which meaning of \u201clight\u201d you\u2019re applying. This is invariably a problem with Google Translator<\/a>. Type in a single word, and it\u2019ll give you a meaning. Change the sentence and watch the words change. What you need is a context. So if the sentence the word \u201clight\u201d resides in is \u201cturn on the light\u201d then you can translate it to luz<\/em>. But if the context is \u201cWow, this baby is very light\u201d you can\u2019t translate it to luz<\/em>. You would either use the word ligero<\/em> or the phrase de poco peso<\/em> (which means of little weight).<\/p>\n

But even then, you have to be careful. The receptor language<\/a> (the language that is receiving the words that are being communicated, in this case Spanish is receiving the translation of the English words) might have a semantic range on words that can cause very strange meanings. For example, in the right context luz<\/em> means to give birth. So you can have the phrase \u201cGive light\u201d be translated to Dar luz<\/em> and the phrase \u201cGive birth\u201d be translated \u201cDar a luz<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

This is another major problem that plagues a formal equivalent translation. Indeed, you don\u2019t even know when words change. So a word in the original language might perfectly translate to \u201cgay\u201d in 1611 but today it causes snickers and you have to use the word \u201chappy\u201d or \u201ccheerful\u201d.<\/p>\n

Problems multiply exponentially when you employ idioms or euphemisms.\u00a0 I remember my father translating for an American English speaker who used the words \u201cThat\u2019s totally cool\u201d. My father couldn\u2019t translate it to the literal words because it wouldn\u2019t convey the same meaning at all: something like \u201cthat is thoroughly frigid.\u201d So my father used an Hispanic idiom that conveys the same idea but literally has problems if it was coming back to English: \u201conda max\u201d which literally means \u201cdeep wave or depth\u201d\u201d.<\/p>\n

And forget other idioms like \u201cwho let the cat out of the bag\u201d or \u201che that pisses against the wall<\/a>.\u201d (the literal translation of a \u00a0phrase in 1 Kings 16:11 but which not even the NASB\u2014an exceedingly literal translation\u2014nor the Darby version, translates literally!)<\/p>\n

What you quickly discover that if you\u2019re doing any translation, you\u2019re trying to convey what the text means in the original language and you can\u2019t even consistently do that solely with a formal equivalent theory. Of course, a person can then swing completely the other way and decide that because what\u2019s maximally important is the meaning, then the original words don\u2019t matter\u2014and that would be a mistake. Not only because the original words are inspired, but because you\u2019ve stepped into a minefield of trying to clear up specific ambiguities.<\/p>\n

For example, going back to our light problem, let\u2019s say you have a guru who purposefully speaks about light shining in darkness, the effects of light to the darkness and how his message is light and that we who don\u2019t come to terms with the message are blind and in the dark. If you translated what the guru was saying by means of explaining what he is saying, you\u2019ve lost the ambiguity the guru was putting forward as well as the very colorful metaphor. What translators tend to do in this case, is keep the words (the form) while trying to convey what the words are doing (the function).<\/p>\n

But then, the ambiguity goes even further when you realize that Greek and Spanish, unlike English, can insert gender into nouns and specify the action source within a verb. So while in English we use the word \u201cI\u201d or \u201cYou\u201d or \u201cThey\u201d for the object of a verb (I say; you say; they say), Spanish just conjugates the verb (to say: decir<\/em>) with the right form (I say: digo<\/em>; You say: dice<\/em>; They say: dicen<\/em>). English allows you to know that the subject is male or female (he or she) until it\u2019s either personal or more than one: then you don\u2019t have a clue. So if it\u2019s a group of women speaking, you\u2019ll say \u201cthey say\u201d but in Spanish we\u2019d add ellas<\/em> which indicates group of women.<\/p>\n

In Koine Greek<\/a> (the Greek of the New Testament), you can conjugate the verb (lego<\/em>: I say; legeis<\/em>: you say; legousin<\/em>: they say) but you have no clue about the sex unless you have other words (like nouns) which have the gender inserted. In Spanish we sometimes add an \u2013a in the back of the noun to indicate feminine and an \u2013o to indicate masculine but that in no way indicates the object is either feminine or masculine. Los vecinos<\/em> at the puerta<\/em> are masculine neighbors at the feminine door but you might just discover that it\u2019s a mixed gender group and your door is totally sexless: a few more sentences and we’ll slam right into the gender neutral language of the TNIV and the NIV 2011!<\/p>\n

So what do we do with all this?<\/p>\n

Well, I definitely don\u2019t think this means we should be chucking our formal equivalent versions and all purchasing an NIV 2011. Nor do I think that we should follow Hamilton in sticking only with a formal equivalent Bible. I think we should be trying to learn the original languages (they\u2019re so rich after all) but I also think that we live in a very productive day and age with a fine amount of scholarship behind various translations.<\/p>\n

The best, I think, is to employ multiple versions and consistently use them all in your studies. If I were to offer a recommendation, I\u2019d say: NASB<\/a> (formal), ESV<\/a> (formal with better English) HCSB<\/a> (mediating with delicious English), NET<\/a> (mediating with delicious notes), NIV<\/a> (functional), NLT<\/a> (functional) and MSG<\/a> (purely functiona and that links to the audio versionl). I\u2019d make one of the first three my main Bible (mine is the NASB) and I\u2019d check across the others. The MSG wouldn\u2019t be so much for checking, but for seeing how meaning can be conveyed. I\u2019d recommend Gordon Fee\u2019s How To Choose A Translation<\/em><\/a> but with the caveat that he unnecessarily comes down hard on formal equivalent versions.<\/p>\n

Oh, and when is a door not a door? When it’s ajar. Yup, I didn’t mention puns, poetry, or plays on words either!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The other day, my buddy Keith Keyser sent me a link to an article by James Hamilton Jr., an associate professor at Southern Baptist Seminary whereby Hamilton lays down what he sees are the logical ends of adhering to dynamic equivalence theory (going forward I\u2019ll refer to it as functional equivalence) when it comes to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[195,13,501],"tags":[669,668],"class_list":["post-2675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hermeneutics","category-human","category-scripture","tag-bible-versions","tag-translation"],"yoast_head":"\nWhen Is A Door Not A Door? 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